Table of Contentsdd - convert a file while copying it dd [--help] [--version] [if=file] [of=file] [ibs=bytes] [obs=bytes] [bs=bytes] [cbs=bytes] [skip=blocks] [seek=blocks] [count=blocks] [conv={ascii,ebcdic,ibm,block,unblock,lcase,ucase,swab,noerror,notrunc, sync}] This documentation is no longer being maintained and may be inaccurate or incomplete. The Texinfo documentation is now the authoritative source. This manual page documents the GNU version of dd. dd copies a file (from the standard input to the standard output, by default) with a user-selectable blocksize, while optionally performing conversions on it.
Numbers can be followed by a multiplier:
b=512, c=1, k=1024, w=2, xm=number m - --help
- Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
- --version
- Print version information on standard output then exit successfully.
- if=file
- Read from file instead of the standard input.
- of=file
- Write to file instead of the standard output. Unless conv=notrunc is given, truncate file to the size specified by seek= (0 bytes if seek= is not given).
- ibs=bytes
- Read bytes bytes at a time.
- obs=bytes
- Write bytes bytes at a time.
- bs=bytes
- Read and write bytes bytes at atime. Override ibs and obs.
- cbs=bytes
- Convert bytes bytes at a time.
- skip=blocks
- Skip blocks ibs-sized blocks at start of input.
- seek=blocks
- Skip blocks obs-sized blocks at start of output.
- count=blocks
- Copy only blocks ibs-sized input blocks.
- conv=conversion[,conversion...]
- Convert the file as specified by the conversion arguments.
Conversions:
- ascii
- Convert EBCDIC to ASCII.
- ebcdic
- Convert ASCII to EBCDIC.
- ibm
- Convert ASCII to alternate EBCDIC.
- block
- Pad newline-terminated records to size of cbs, replacing newline with trailing spaces.
- unblock
- Replace trailing spaces in cbs-sized block with newline.
- lcase
- Change uppercase characters to lowercase.
- ucase
- Change lowercase characters to uppercase.
- swab
- Swap every pair of input bytes. Unlike the Unix dd, this works when an odd number of bytes are read. If the input file contains an odd number of bytes, the last byte is simply copied (since there is nothing to swap it with).
- noerror
- Continue after read errors.
- notrunc
- Do not truncate the output file.
- sync
- Pad every input block to size of ibs with trailing NULs.
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